Following questions about chronic kidney disease always come in mind :
1.What is kidney and its function?
2. What are the types of kidney disorders?
3. What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
4. What are the causes of CKD ?
5. How can we prevent CKD ?
6. What are the symptoms of CKD ?
7. What are the stages of CKD ?
8. What investigation we need to diagnose CKD ?
9. What is the treatment of CKD ?
1. What is kidney and its function ?
Kidney is an excretory organ in our body. There are two Kidneys present in our body. They are situated in lower abdomen (retroperitoneal space). Its functions to excrete waste material or toxic products like urea, creatinine, extra fluid etc from our body. You can understand by an example, these act like a water filter (RO). Kidney also regulate blood pressure in our body. It also secretes erythropoietin which helps to produce blood that's why in CKD anaemia occurs. It also helps to produce Vitamin D.
2. What are the types of kidney disorders?
Acute- When there is kidney injury and deranged function of kidney for less than 3 months of duration.
Chronic- Chronic kidney disease defined as deranged kidney function for more than 3 months of duration .
3. Causes of renal failure
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypertension
- NSAIDs- excessive use of painkillers
- Alternative medicines like some Ayurvedic medicine which contains heavy amount of lead and some Unani medicines.
- Sometimes renal stonecan cause chronic kidney disorder after obstructive uropathy.
- Unknown reasons
4. What are the symptoms of chronic kidney disease ? (kidney failure symptoms)
1. Weakness
2. Swelling over face and foot
3. Decreased urine output and increased frequency of urine.
4. Dyspnea on exertion- means breathlessness occurs when patient walks.
5. Loss of appetite
6. Nausea and vomiting
7. Itching all over body
8. Paleness- anaemia
5. What are the stages of CKD ?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5 or ESRD
6. Investigations
Urea
Creatinine
urine routine microscopy and examination
CBC- HB,
peripheral blood smear
iron studies
ultrasound KUB
7.What is the treatment of chronic kidney disease ?
Medical treatment
Dialysis
Renal transplant
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